⭐ Need

The creation of Pangea is driven by critical needs identified within traditional state nations, the centralized architectures of Web 2.0, and the emerging challenges of Web 3.0, each presenting unique obstacles that hinder the advancement and equitable governance of digital and physical communities.

Traditional State Nations:

• Bureaucratic Inefficiencies: Traditional governance structures are often mired in inefficiencies, with studies indicating that bureaucratic red tape costs economies billions annually. For example, the World Bank highlights that businesses globally spend an average of 240 hours a year on tax compliance alone [Ref#1], underscoring the need for more streamlined governance systems.

• Transparency and Trust Issues: Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index reveals that more than two-thirds of countries score below 50 [Ref#2], on a scale where 100 is very clean and 0 is highly corrupt, indicating a pervasive issue of trust in state governance.

• Limited Public Engagement: The OECD “How’s Life” has found that 1 in 3 people in OECD countries (which represent the more optimistic list of countries that engage with their citizens) feel they have a say in what the government does [Ref#3], actual public participation in policy-making remains low, highlighting a gap in inclusive governance.

Web 2.0 Centralization:

• Data Privacy Concerns: According to a report by the Pew Research Center, 8 in 10 adult Americans are concerned about the way companies use their data [Ref#4], emphasizing widespread privacy concerns in centralized Web 2.0 platforms.

• Platform Dependency and Monopolies: Hardvard Business Review found that more than 50% of global spending went through Meta (Facebook) or Alphabet (Google) [Ref#5], leading to monopolistic practices and reduced innovation diversity.

• Security Risks: Cybersecurity Ventures reports that there is a hacker attack every 44 seconds, with the average cost of a hack being $150 million [Ref#6], largely due to vulnerabilities in centralized Web 2.0 infrastructure

Web 3.0 Fragmentation and Accessibility:

• Complexity and Usability: Cointelegraph revealse that complexity and technical jargon stands as one of the major obstacles to blockchain and web3 adoption [Ref#7]. This emphasizes that user interfaces often fail to meet the needs of non-technical users, hindering widespread adoption.

• Data Privacy and Compliance: Despite blockchain's promise of enhanced security, current protocols struggle to offer practical privacy solutions that align with data protection regulations like GDPR. The European Parliamentary Research Service has recognized the large discussions and contradictions of blockchains core feature to deny erasure and GDPR’s right for data to be erased [Ref#8], underscoring a critical gap in compliance and user trust.

• Governance and Regulation: The decentralized nature of blockchains presents significant challenges in self-regulation, contributing to vulnerabilities that hackers exploit that go without adequate justice. According to a report by DE.FI, the blockchain sector saw losses of $2 billion in 2023 due to thefts, hacks, and fraud [Ref#9], illustrating the urgent need for effective governance and regulatory frameworks within Web 3.0 ecosystems.

These statistics underline the pressing needs across the three areas, revealing systemic issues that demand innovative solutions for a more efficient, transparent, and inclusive global ecosystem. Pangea has been envisaged to respond to these issues, and the Goals below set this out.